Inspection and maintenance of tractors

Tractors are mainly used to tow and drive various supporting machinery, and are power machinery for completing agricultural field operations, various earthwork operations, transportation operations, and fixed operations. Proper technical maintenance can slow down the deterioration of the technical condition of various components, reduce malfunctions, extend the service life, and ensure that the tractor works in good condition regularly.

1. Carefully clean the oil and dust on the surface of the tractor. Check whether the main connecting bolts and nuts are loose and tighten them in a timely manner. Check if diesel, engine oil, and cooling water are fully added. Check the oil level of the engine oil pan and add enough if it is insufficient. Check the tire pressure. After starting the engine, let the locomotive run at idle for 3-5 minutes to allow lubricating oil to fully enter all working components, while checking whether the instruments, lights, and horns are normal. Check the brake oil pipe for wear and the tightness of the pipe connection, paying special attention to whether the brake oil pipe is in contact with the axle package, frame, etc. Check the accompanying tools.

2. Check the lubrication system. In addition to replacing the three core (air filter, diesel filter, oil filter), it is also necessary to replace or clean each hydraulic oil filter. Lubricating oil and fuel should be replaced according to regional and seasonal requirements. If lubricating oil has already been released before the New Year, the oil filling port on the cylinder head should be opened, qualified lubricating oil should be added, and the oil level gauge should be checked after standing for ten minutes. The oil level gauge should be level with the "up" line of the oil level gauge, and then the oil level should be checked for 20-30 minutes. If there is an increase, it is necessary to investigate the cause and troubleshoot. If it is an engine with a turbocharger, it is necessary to remove the hollow bolt at the oil inlet of the turbocharger suspension bearing, drop a few drops of lubricating oil, and then reinstall it. Lubricating grease fittings and oil cups should be fully equipped. Each lubrication part and assembly should be filled with sufficient lubricating oil or grease according to the prescribed oil. The ventilator should be clean and unobstructed.

3. Check the cooling system. In cold regions, it is important to check whether the engine has frostbite, especially for vehicles that were not drained of water or antifreeze before the new year. Carefully inspect the engine body for signs of water blockage, drain switch, oil radiator, and other areas for signs of frost cracking. If it is normal, add soft water until the water tank mouth is level, let it stand for one hour, and see if the water level changes. If the water level drops, it is necessary to investigate the cause. If there is no decrease, it is normal. Be careful not to add well water and tap water that are prone to scale formation.

4. Check the circuit system. The circuits for starting, lighting, and instrumentation should be normal, and there should be no leakage, short circuit, or other phenomena in the insulation parts of all electrical accessories. The cold start device for engines in cold regions should be able to work properly. Check the battery observation hole: Green indicates sufficient battery power; Black indicates low battery level; White indicates that the battery is essentially dead. When the observation hole of the battery shows a black display, it needs to be recharged; When a white display appears on the observation hole, the battery needs to be replaced. When the battery is low, it should be charged with one tenth of the rated current of the battery first. When charging lead-acid batteries, if the electrolyte level is level with the engraved line or 10-15 millimeters above the separator, the filling plug should be opened to prevent the air outlet from being blocked and the battery from exploding due to high air pressure. After charging is completed, the voltage of the individual battery should be around 13 volts.

5. Check and replace the oil level in the engine oil pan. Pull out the dipstick located on the left front of the engine oil pan and check if the oil level is between the upper and lower markings. If the oil level does not reach the lower marking line, the oil filler cap on the engine timing gear chamber cover should be removed for refueling. When maintaining and changing oil, the drain plug at the bottom of the oil pan should be unscrewed, the dirty oil should be drained and cleaned, and then new oil should be added.

6. Inspection and maintenance of hydraulic steering oil tank. The hydraulic steering oil tank is set at the upper end of the engine. Open the oil tank cover (with a dipstick) and observe whether there are any oil marks on the dipstick. If there are no oil marks, it indicates that the oil level in the steering oil tank is insufficient. The cause of the oil leakage should be checked and found. Then remove the oil tank and add oil to the middle mark of the dipstick, and reinstall it in its original position. During inspection, the hydraulic steering cylinder, oil pipe, and joints should be checked systematically to ensure that there is no oil leakage, otherwise it may cause poor steering. The filter screen in the fuel tank should be cleaned or replaced regularly. When checking the oil level, the ventilation valve (such as a rivet shaped valve) at the center of the fuel tank cap should also be checked for flexible lifting. If there is oil contamination affecting lifting, it should be cleaned thoroughly.

7. Check and replace the oil level in the engine oil pan. Pull out the dipstick located on the left front of the engine oil pan and check if the oil level is between the upper and lower markings. If the oil level does not reach the lower marking line, the oil filler cap on the engine timing gear chamber cover should be removed for refueling. When maintaining and changing oil, the drain plug at the bottom of the oil pan should be unscrewed, the dirty oil should be drained and cleaned, and then new oil should be added.

8. Check the steering system. Pay attention to the gap between the left and right directions, observe the clearance between the rod ball head transmission and the cylinder (hydraulic cylinder direction) pin shaft. If the clearance is too large, replace the rod ball head and cylinder pin shaft. After replacing the ball head and pin shaft, it is necessary to check the toe in. The toe in for four-wheel drive is 0-4 millimeters, and for two wheel drive it is 5-10 millimeters.

9. Check the clutch. Check the clearance between the clutch pedal, release bearing, and release lever to ensure thorough and flexible separation without any jamming. When stepping on the pedal for four fifths of the stroke, the gear shift can be engaged without any abnormal noise. If the clutch has been used for too long, it is necessary to disassemble and inspect the friction plate and release bearing. If it exceeds the limit, it needs to be replaced; If the wear is not significant, separate the bearing and add lubricating grease before assembling it according to the standard.

10. Check the brake. Check the brake fluid level and pedal travel. The first foot of the brake pedal should be able to be pressed firmly in one go, and the second foot should not move continuously. The return should be normal and there should be no jamming. The height of the left and right brake pedals should be synchronized.

After all the above checks are normal, the main and auxiliary transmission handles should be in the "empty", "down", "middle" or "separated" position before starting; The hydraulic power unit should be in the "middle" position; At this point, you can open the small window on the flywheel housing, use a small pry bar to move the flywheel ring gear, rotate the crankshaft several times, and then turn on the ignition switch to start the power. The speed needs to be lowered first and then increased, gradually increasing the power speed. At the same time, observe the instrument and listen carefully for the sound. If there is any abnormality, stop the machine first and then check and eliminate the fault.